ریخت‌شناسی گرده در قبیله‌های Gnaphalieae و Calenduleae و سهم سیستماتیک آن‌ها

نوع مقاله : سیستماتیک و تنوع زیستی گیاهان

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/bot.j.iran.2026.372207.1447

چکیده

Gnaphalieae، قبیله‌ای نسبتا بزرگ در کاسنیان شامل تقریبا 178 جنس و 2102 گونه است که بیشتر در مناطق معتدل توزیع شده‌اند. هدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی و توصیف انواع گرده در Gnaphalieae و Calenduleae و همچنین بررسی رابطه بین گونه‌های آن‌ها براساس داده‌های گرده است. ریزریخت‌شناسی گرده 10 گونه که نماینده‌ هشت جنس از این قبیله‌ها در ایران هستند، با استفاده از میکروسکوپ نوری و الکترونی نگاره بررسی شد. مطالعه حاضر تنوع قابل توجهی از داده‌های گرده‌شناسی را در بین گونه‌های مطالعه شده از Gnaphalieae و Calenduleae نشان داد. سه نوع گرده در Calendula، Lasiopogon و Helichrysum، در بین گونه‌های مورد مطالعه شناسایی شد. تجزیه تحلیل‌های خوشه‌بندی و رسته‌بندی، شامل درخت WARD  و پلات‌های PCA  و PCoA، نشان داد که Calenduleae را می‌توان با استفاده از دانه‌های گرده تترا-زونوکولپوریت و ویژگی‌های گرده مانند طول محور قطبی، ارتفاع خارها و فاصله بین خارها از Gnaphalieae متمایز کرد. به علاوه، آنالیز داده‌های گرده‌شناسی اهمیت ویژگی‌های گرده در شناسایی و جدایی گونه‌ها را درون قبیله Gnaphalieae نشان داد. شباهت‌ها در شکل گرده و تزیینات اگزین نشان داد که Calenduleae ممکن است یک گروه خواهری برای Gnaphalieae باشد. نتایج مطالعه حاضر همچنین نشان داد که ریخت‌شناسی گرده ابزاری قابل اعتماد برای تعیین حدود گونه‌ها در این دو قبیله است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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