فهرست هالوفیت‌ها و گیاهان مقاوم به شوری ایران: ویژگی‌ها، پراکندگی و ارزش‌های اقتصادی بالقوه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌شناسی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/bot.j.iran.2025.370567.1433

چکیده

اقلیم ایران، به جز مناطق ساحلی و جنگلی شمال و بخش‌‏های غربی کشور عمدتا خشک یا نیمه‏‌خشک است. این شرایط اقلیمی به همراه سایر عوامل محیطی و انسانی، اراضی شور وسیعی را در کشور به ‏وجود آورده است، به ‏طوری که 3/40 درصد مساحت ایران را خاک‌‏های تحت تأثیر شوری تشکیل می‌دهد. براساس جمع‏‌آوری گیاهان از رویشگاه‏‌های شور کشور طی سال‏‌های 1402-1369، 460 آرایه متعلق به 193 جنس و 49 تیره شناسایی شد. بزرگترین تیره‌‏ها از نظر غنای گونه‌‏ای، اسفناجیان (Amaranthaceae) با 153 گونه و 41 جنس، گندمیان (Poaceae) با 56 گونه و 29 جنس و گز (Tamaricaceae) با 34 گونه و دو جنس بودند. جنس‌های با بیشترین تعداد گونه، Tamarix با 28، Suaeda با 17 و Halothamnus با 15 گونه بودند. طیف شکل زیستی گیاهان نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد گونه‌ها به تروفیت‌‏ها (9/33 درصد) اختصاص دارد. از نظر فیتوجغرافیایی، عناصر ایران-تورانی با 9/38 درصد بیشترین سهم را در فلور رویشگاه‏‌های شور ایران داشتند. از نظر تیپ بوم‌شناختی، گزروفیت‏‌ها و گزروهالوفیت‏‌ها به ‏ترتیب با 2/27 و 3/23 درصد بیشترین گونه‌‏ها در رویشگاه‏‌های شور بودند. گیاهان ‏گوشتی و دفع‌کننده نمک به ‏ترتیب 7/32 و 6/21 درصد فلور این رویشگاه‌‏ها را تشکیل داده بودند. در میان گونه‏‌های هالوفیت و مقاوم به شوری ایران، 1/67 درصد دارای اهمیت اقتصادی هستند.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

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