بررسی جنس فرفیون و اهمیت گونه‌های آن در ایران با تاکید بر تنوع زیستی و جایگاه حفاظتی آن‌ها

نوع مقاله : سیستماتیک و تنوع زیستی گیاهان

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات رستنی‌ها، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

فرفیون با بیش از 2000 گونه به عنوان دومین ابرجنس گیاهی در سرتاسر خشکی‌های کره زمین به غیر از مناطق قطبی پراکنش دارد. ایران با چهار زیرجنس، 19 بخش، سه زیربخش و 93 گونه یکی از مراکز تنوع زیستی و پس از ترکیه غنی‌ترین کشور در منطقه غرب آسیا برای این جنس محسوب می‌شود. همچنین، ایران با 21 گونه انحصاری و 33 گونه نیمه‌انحصاری بیشترین تعداد گونه‌های انحصاری را در منطقه در خود جای داده است. بالاترین تنوع گونه‌ای این جنس در ایران به ترتیب در استان‌های مازندران (30 گونه)، خراسان (27 گونه)، البرز و آذربایجان‌شرقی (هر یک با 26 گونه) می‌باشد. کم‌ترین تنوع گونه‌ای این جنس به ترتیب در استان‌های قم (شش گونه) و بوشهر (هشت گونه) می‌باشد. بیشترین تنوع گونه‌های انحصاری به ترتیب در استان‌های اصفهان و فارس با هشت و هفت گونه و سپس کرمان، خراسان و مازندران هر یک با پنج گونه مشاهده شده در حالی که در دو استان قم و کرمانشاه، گونه انحصاری گزارش نشده است. ارزیابی جایگاه حفاظتی 60 گونه انحصاری، نیمه‌انحصاری و کمیاب در سطح کشور، 30 گونه در رتبه حداقل نگرانی (LC)، سه گونه در مرتبه نزدیک تهدید (NT)، نه گونه در مرتبه آسیب‌پذیر (VU)، نه گونه در جایگاه خطر انقراض (EN) و نه گونه در بحران انقراض (CR) را نشان داد.
 
 

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