الگوی پراکنش گونه‌های بخش Merwia در جنس Ferula

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌شناسی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، صندوق پستی 116-13185، تهران، ایران

چکیده

جنس Ferula یکی از بزرگ‌ترین جنس‌های تیره چتریان (Apiaceae)، از نظر جغرافیای گیاهی در بخش‌های مرکزی و شرقی ناحیه ایرانی-تورانی، مدیترانه‌ای و بخش شمالی صحرا-سندی پراکنده شده است. در طبقه‌بندی پیشنهادی جدید برای این جنس، بخش Merwia دارای چندین گونه مهم از نظر اقتصادی است که الگوی پراکندگی منحصر به فردی در ناحیه ایرانی-تورانی نشان می‌دهند. آنالیز خوشه‌بندی براساس فاصله (عدم تشابه) برای 608 نمونه از 29 گونه این بخش انجام شد و نتایج با درخت حاصل از آنالیز تبارشناختی توالی‌هایITS  هسته‌ای مقایسه گردید. نقشه‌های پراکندگی، غنای گونه‌ای و پیش‌بینی برای حضور گونه‌های بخش Merwia توسط نرم‌افزار DIVA-GIS ترسیم گردید. طبق آنالیز خوشه‌بندی، بخش Merwia به عنوان یک عنصر ایرانی-تورانی به هفت گروه تقسیم می‌شود، به‌ طوری‌ که تمرکز چند گروه با نواحی غنای گونه‌ای در ارتباط است. نتایج بررسی حاضر نشان داد که سه ناحیه با غنای گونه‌ای بالا در زاگرس، خراسان-کپه داغ و مرکز افغانستان مشخص می‌گردد. نقشه پیش‌بینی برای زیستگاه‌های مناسب با مراکز غنای گونه‌ای هماهنگی دارد و بیشتر به سمت مناطق کوهستانی گسترش می‌یابد. طبق مقیاس AOO در IUCN، گونه‌های بخشMerwia  به صورت در معرض خطر انقراض و در بحران انقراض قرار می‌گیرند که این امر نیازمند حفاظت شدید آن‌ها می‌باشد.
 
 

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