مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی و ساختار جمعیتی Ephedra major در ایران

نوع مقاله : سیستماتیک و تنوع زیستی گیاهان

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، صندوق پستی 116-13185، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

Ephedra major Host (Ephedraceae)، به عنوان منبع بسیار ارزنده ماده افدرین، با زیستگاه‌های مختلف در ایران سازگار شده است.
طی چند دهه اخیر فعالیت‌های انسانی، به ویژه بهره‌برداری بیش از حد از جمعیت‌های گونه مذکور جهت استخراج مواد دارویی ارزشمند، این گونه را در معرض خطر قرار داده است. در این تحقیق، سطح تنوع ژنتیکی و ساختار ژنتیکی در 16 جمعیت E. major برای نخستین بار با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی inter-simple sequence repeat  (ISSR)ارزیابی شد. سطح بالایی از تنوع ژنتیکی در میان جمعیت مشاهده شد که منطقه دهبار واقع در استان خراسان رضوی بیش‌ترین تنوع در پارامترهای ژنتیکی را نشان داد (P = 67.96%, H = 0.365 236, I = 0.365). تنوع ژنتیکی درون جمعیت (71٪) به طور قابل توجهی بالاتر از تنوع ژنتیکی بین جمعیت (29%) بود و تنها 1 درصد تنوع ژنتیکی بین مناطق وجود داشت. روش‌های متوسط فاصله بین گروه‌ها  (UPGMA)و همچنین روش‌های خوشه‌بندی بایسین (Bayesian) بیانگر وجود ساختار نسبتا قوی جمعیت است تا حدودی منطبق با منش جغرافیایی جمعیت می‌باشد. با این حال، موفقیت UPGMA در گروه‌بندی جمعیت متناسب با موقعیت جغرافیایی آن‌ها محسوس‌تر بوده و با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه، می‌توان ادعا کرد، نشانگرهای ISSR در تشخیص الگوی تنوع ژنتیکی در جمعیت‌های E. major مؤثر هستند. از سوی دیگر، با داشتن دانش قابل اعتماد از وضعیت تنوع ژنتیکی و ساختار جمعیتی این گونه، می‌توان گام‌های نخستین را در راستای حفاظت از جمعیت‌های با تنوع ژنتیکی پایین استوار نمود تا راه برای اجرای برنامه­های اصلاحی در انتخاب جمیعت‌های برتر هموار گردد.

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