شناسایی گونه‌های پنیسیلیوم در میوه‌های مرکبات و انواع نان در شیراز

نوع مقاله : سیستماتیک و تنوع زیستی قارچ‌ها

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز 7144165186، ایران

2 استاد بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز 7144165186، ایران

چکیده

اعضای متعلق به جنس  Penicillium دارای پراکنش وسیعی در سراسر جهان بوده و در حال حاضر دارای 359 گونه قابل قبول در 25 گروه بوده که تاثیر اقتصادی قابل توجهی دارند. از مهم‌ترین مواد غذایی که پردازه فعالیت گونه‌های این جنس هستند می‌توان از نان، به عنوان عامل فساد میکروبی و مرکبات، به عنوان عامل پوسیدگی پس از برداشت، نام برد. در این مطالعه، نمونه‌هایی از میوه‌های مرکبات آلوده (پرتقال، نارنگی، نارنج، لیموشیرین، لیموخارگی، لیموترش شیرازی، ترنج، گریپ فروت، بکرایی و پورنج) و همچنین انواع نان گندم آلوده گردآوری شد. شناسایی گونه‌ها براساس ویژگی ریخت‌شناختی شامل خصوصیات میکروسکوپی (شکل، تزیینات، طول و عرض کنیدیوم، طول فیالیدها و متولا، تزیینات و عرض کنیدیوفور و نحوه انشعاب کنیدیوفورها) و خصوصیات ماکروسکوپی (شامل رشد شعاعی پرگنه، رنگ سطح و پشت پرگنه، ترشحات پرگنه، بافت پرگنه و میزان هاگ‌زایی) انجام شد. در نهایت، 10 گونه براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی شناسایی شد. این آرایه‌ها شامل چهار گونه
Penicillium italicum، P. ulaiense، P. digitatum وP.discolor از میوه‌های مرکبات و شش گونه P. chrysogenum، P. atramentosum ،
P. polonicum،P. roqueforti ، P. citrinumوP.oxalicum  از نان‌های آلوده بود. از این میان، گونه‌های P. ulaiense، P.discolorوP. atramentosumبرای نخستینبار از ایران گزارش می‌شوند و این نخستین گزارش از جداسازی و بیماری­زایی P.discolorاز میوه مرکبات در دنیا است.
 

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