الگوهای پراکنش و تنوع جنس Onosma در ایران با تاکید بر حفاظت، بومزادی و الگوهای پراکنش در جنوب غرب آسیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی 1983969411

چکیده

ارزیابی ژئوبوتانیکی آرایه‌های غنی و دارای درصد بومزادی (اندمیسم) بالا نقش مهمی در اجرای برنامه‌های حفاظت از تنوع گیاهی ایفا می‌نماید. جنسOnosma  با تمرکز اصلی در جنوب غرب آسیا دارای غنای گونه‌ای و بومزادی بالایی در ایران می‌باشد. به واسطه خطرات تهدید کننده زیستگاه‎ها و نیز عدم اطلاعات کافی پیرامون وضعیت حفاظتی این جنس، الگوی پراکنش در مناطق مختلف جغرافیایی، زمین‌شناختی و زیست اقلیمی ایران براساس مطالعات میدانی و بازبینی نمونه‌های هرباریومی با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که کوه‌های قفقاز، فلات آناتولی و هندوکش در آسیای میانه به همراه زاگرس (مطابق با ناحیه بومزادی ایرانو- تورانی) مناطق مهم تنوع گونه‌ای این جنس را در جنوب غرب آسیا تشکیل می‌دهند. پراکنش غالب گونه‌های بخش Protonosma در بستر آتشفشانی-رسوبی و رسوبی، Podonosma در تشکیلات رسوبی و بخش Onosma به ترتیب در تشکیلات رسوبی، آتشفشانی-رسوبی، آذرین، دگرگونی و افیولیتی می‌باشد. هشتاد و یک و هشتاد صدم درصد گونه‌ها، ایرانو- تورانی و 20/19 درصد در دو یا چند منطقه جغرافیای گیاهی پراکنش دارند. دامنه‌های غربی زاگرس مرکزی و دامنه‌های جنوبی البرز مرکزی در بالاترین الویت حفاظت رویشگاهی این جنس قرار می‎گیرند. گونه‎های نادر این جنس غالبا تک‌جمعیتی می‌باشند که زیربخش‎های Haplotricha و Heterotricha به ترتیب بیشترین درصد از آرایه‎های نادر را به خود اختصاص داده‎اند. حدود 50 درصد گونه‌های این جنس در طبقات تهدید فهرست سرخ اتحادیه جهانی حفاظت قرار می‎گیرند. به علاوه، نتایج این مطالعه سایر مطالعات آرایه‌شناختی دال بر جدایی بخش Podonosma را Onosma تایید می‌کند.

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