Geopora cooperi, a new hypogeous ascomycete record for Iran mycobiota

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc Student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Associate Prof. in Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. Members of this order are characterized by unitunicate asci that typically open by rupturing to form a terminal or eccentric lid or operculum (Hansen & Pfister 2006). Of the 1638 Pezizales species known so far, Geopora Harkn. (Pyronemataceae) is represented by 23 species (Kirk et al. 2008). Geopora spp. are characterized by entirely or partially hypogeous, globular, semi-globular or cup-shaped ascocarps, whitish, greyish or yellowish grey hymenium, cylindrical, 8-spored and operculate asci, generally bifurcate, septate and hyaline paraphyses, ellipsoid, smooth ascospores mostly with one or two larger oil drops and some smaller oil drops (Tamm et al. 2010, Perić & Perić 2011). The members of the Geopora spp. are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Many researchers have reported Geopora species in North America, central, north, south and southeast Europe, and the Middle East (Tamm et al. 2010, Ashraf & Khalid 2012, Guo et al. 2019, Saba et al. 2019, Uzun & Kaya 2019). Saber & Pegler reportedthe presence of G. arenicola (Lév.) Kers in Iran as Sepultaria arenicola (Ershad 2009). In this study, two specimens of G. cooperi associated with Pinus nigra were collected in Khorassan Razavi province (Iran) in 2020 (Fig. 1a) with the following characteristics: Ascomata 50–55 mm in diameter, globose, subglobose to oblong, irregularly convoluted, peridium dark brown and covered with light brown hairs, gleba white to pinkish-white, highly convoluted, convolutions close but separate (Fig. 1b, c). Hymenium 200–250 μm thick. Asci 180–270(215) × 15–22(16) μm, cylindrical, 8-spored, non-amyloid and tapering at the base (Fig. 1d, e). Paraphyses cylindrical, septate, swollen at the tips, nearly of the same level as ascus, enlarged at the apex up to 11.5 μm (Fig. 1f). Ascospores 18–27(23) × 13–17(14) μm, smooth, hyaline, broadly elliptical, thin-walled, generally with a large central guttule (Fig. 1g, h). Ectal excipulum 120 μm, 4–5 cells thick, dark brown, textura globulosa,cells oblong to circular in section, smooth, walls thick and dark brown, 24–40 × 18–27 μm, cells on the outside darker than the inner cells (Fig. 1i). Excipular hairs hyphae-like, branched, very long to 1000 μm, 5–17 μm wide, blunt at the tips and dark walls (Fig. 1j). All these characteristics were consistent with other authors’ descriptions for G. cooperi (Tamm et al. 2010, Guo et al. 2019).While Geopora cooperi isconsidered as a very rare species by Perić & Perić (2011), itwas widely reported from Europe (Austria, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, Spain, and Italy) by Nannfeldt (1946), Moser (1963), Burdsall (1968), Soleilhac (1972), Ortega et al. (1981), Moreno et al. (1991), and Montecchi & Dal Forno (1995). This species is hereby reported new to the mycobiota of Iran. The mycorrhizal association of Geopora species with various conifers and deciduous trees such as Pinus ponderosa Lawson & Lawson (Fujimura et al. 2005), Pinus edulis Engelm., Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt., Salix linearistipularis (Franch.) K. S. Hao, Quercus garryana Douglas ex Hook. (Frank et al. 2009), Quercus douglasii Hook., and Arn. (Smith et al. 2006), Picea abies (L.) Karst.(Tedersoo et al. 2006), Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser. (Shefferson et al. 2008), Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl., Cedrus spp., and Populus spp. (Tamm et al. 2010) have been confirmed by molecular techniques. Fujimura et al. (2005) have reported G. cooperi form mycorrhiza with Pinus ponderosa. Tedersoo et al. (2006) have identified ectomycorrhizal Geopora spp. on root tips both in coniferous and deciduous woodlands. They also have found Geopora spp. occurred in various early- and late-successional woodlands in acidic to alkaline forest soils, in addition to cinder and burnt soils. Association of G. cooperi with P. nigra, has been previously reported by Burdsall (1968) from the USA. Specimen examined: Iran: Khorassan Razavi province, under Pinus nigra, solitary, on ground, 24 July 2020 (IRAN 16696F).


 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

Geopora cooperi، آرایه‌ای جدید از قارچ‌های آسکومیست زیرزمینی برای بیوتای قارچی ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • مسعود شیبانی 1
  • صمد جمالی 2
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشـکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 دانشیار قارچ‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشـکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

جنس Geopora Harkn. از جمله قارچ‌های آسکومیست در تیره Pyronemataceae است که تعدادی از گونه‌های زیرزمینی، نیمه‌زیرزمینی و روزمینی را تشکیل می‌دهد. این جنس دارای آسکوکارپ‌های فنجانی و کروی یا نیمه‌کروی بسته است و آسکوسپورها غالبا دارای یک تا دو عدد قطره روغنی هستند. تا کنون در جهان، ۲۳ گونه از این جنس گزارش و تایید شده، در حالی که در ایران تا به حال هیچ گونه مطالعه ­ای در خصوص این جنس صورت نگرفته و تنها یک گونه از این جنس شامل G. arenicola (Lév.) Kers از کشور گزارش شده است که مکان و میزبان آن هم مشخص نیست. در این بررسی، در فروردین سال ۱۳۹۹، دو نمونهGeopora sp. که همراه با یک گونه از درخت کاج (Pinus nigra) بودند، جمع‌آوری شدند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • آسکومیست
  • گزارش جدید
  • ایران
  • کاج

References

Ashraf, T. & Khalid, A.N. 2012. New records of Pezizalesfrom Pakistan. Mycotaxon 119:
301–306.
Burdsall, H.H. 1968. A revision of the genus Hydnocystis (Tuberales) and of the hypogeous species of Geopora (Pezizales). Mycologia60(3): 496–525.
Ershad, D. 2009. Fungi of Iran. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. 531 pp.
Frank, J.L., Anglin, S., Carrington, E.M. & Taylor, D.S., Viratos, B. & Southworth, D. 2009. Rodent dispersal of mycorrhizal inoculum to Quercus garryana seedlings promotes range expansion. Botany 87: 821–829.
Fujimura, K.E., Smith, J.E., Horton, T.R., Weber, N.S. & Spatafora, J.W. 2005. Pezizalean mycorrhizas and sporocarps in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) after prescribed fires in eastern Oregon, USA. Mycorrhiza 15: 79–86.
Guo, L.J., Xu, YY. & Fan, L. 2019. Geopora sinensis, a new truffle species from North China based on morphological and molecular data. Phytotaxa427 (4): 270–278.
Hansen, K. & Pfister, D.H. 2006. Systematics of the Pezizomycetes-the operculate discomycetes. Mycologia 98(6): 1029–1040.
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th. ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Montecchi, A. & Dal Forno, A. 1995. Prima segnalazione per l’Italia di Geopora schackii P. Hennigs (= Geopora cooperi Harkness, f. cooperi). Rivista di Micologia38: 33–38.
Moreno, G., Galán, R. & Montecchi, A. 1991. Hypogeous fungi from peninsular Spain II. Mycotaxon42: 201–238.
Moser, M. 1963. Kleine Kryptogamenflora. Band IIa, Ascomyceten(Schlauchpilze). Fischer, Stuttgart.
Nannfeldt, J.A. 1946. En ny Svensk hypogé, tryffeln Geopora schackii P. Henn. Friesia3: 177–188.
Ortega, A., Galán, R. & Torre, M. 1981. Aportacion al estudio de los Hongos de Andalucia IV. El orden Pezizales en la Provincia de Granada. Bulletin de la Société Micologia Cast6: 39–50.
Perić, B. & Perić, O. 2011. Notes on Montenegrin species of Geopora. Mycologia MontenegrinaXIV 117–150.
Saba, M., Haelewaters, D., Iturriaga, T., Ashraf, T., Khalid, A.N. & Pfister, D.H. 2019. Geopora ahmadii sp. nov. from Pakistan. Mycotaxon 134: 377–389.
Shefferson, R.P., Kull, T. & Tali, K. 2008. Mycorrhizal interactions of orchids colonizing Estonian mine tailings hills. American Journal of Botany 95: 156–164.
Smith, M.E., Trappe, J.M. & Rizzo, D.M. 2006. Genea, Genabea and Gilkeya gen. nov: ascomata and ectomycorrhiza formation in a Quercus woodland. Mycologia 98: 699–716.
Soleilhac, A. 1972. Geopora schackii P. Hennings. Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique Dauphiné-Savoie 45: 6–7.
Tamm, H., Poldmaa, K. & Kullman, B. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships in genus Geopora Pyronemataceae, Pezizales). Mycological Progress9(4): 509–522.
Tedersoo, L., Hansen, K., Perry, B.A. & Kjøller, R. 2006. Molecular and morphological diversity of pezizalean ectomycorrhiza. New Phytologist 170: 581–596.
Uzun, Y. & Kaya, A. 2019. Geopora clausa,a new hypogeous ascomycete record for Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation 12(2): 193–196.
Rostaniha
Volume 21, Issue 2 - Serial Number 60
December 2020
Pages 292-295

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 July 2020
  • Revise Date: 12 August 2020
  • Accept Date: 22 August 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics