First escaped populations report of two ornamental and cultivated plants in Iran

Document Type : Systematics and Biodiversity of Plants

Authors

1 PhD Graduate, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Leader of Iranian Invasive Plants Working Group, Gorgan, Iran

2 Assistant Prof., Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Prof., Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

10.22092/bot.j.iran.2024.367660.1406

Abstract

 Based on the present field surveys, two ornamental and cultivated species with high invasion potential have escaped in certain areas of northern and southern Iran. The four o'clock flower (Mirabilis jalapa) and castor bean (Ricinus communis) have been observed to have escaped from their cultivation ranges and have consequently undergone a change in invasion status, becoming naturalized. They are extensively cultivated and naturalized in urban areas across numerous regions of Iran. The IUCN Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT-IUCN) and the Socio-Economic Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (SEICAT) were employed to evaluate the potential risks these species may pose to native flora and fauna, as well as to human well-being. It was determined that, the castor bean and four o'clock flower have the potential to cause significant and moderate impacts on native species through competitive mechanisms. In the SEICAT approach, human health and safety were identified as constituents of human well-being. As a result, the most frequent occurring mechanisms leading to environmental impacts were competition, transmission of disease and poisoning/toxicity. These results suggest that, these species may be more competitive than the native ones in the urban vegetation. It is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of their actual impact on native taxa to bridge the gap in data and ensure accurate management decisions. Therefore, it is recommended that, conservation strategies be devoted to control the spread of these species in urban ecosystems.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

نخستین گزارش گریز دو گونه گیاه زینتی و کاشته شده در ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • سیما سهرابی 1
  • امیرحسین پهلوانی 2
  • جاوید قرخلو 3
1 دانش‌آموخته دکترای علوم علف‌های هرز، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد و مدیر کارگروه گیاهان مهاجم ایران، گرگان، ایران
2 استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات رستنی‌ها، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 استاد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

 ورود برخی گیاهان به محیط‌های جدید به دلیل توانایی آن‌ها در گذر از موانع زیستی و غیرزنده می‌تواند منجر به مهاجم شدن آن‌ها شود. ورود گیاهان مهاجم به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین تهدیدها برای تنوع‌زیستی است، به طوری که در کشورهای در حال توسعه، به عنوان یک چالش بزرگ برای کشاورزی و رفاه انسان تلقی می‌شود. براساس بررسی‌های میدانی حاضر، دو گونه زینتی و کشت‌ شده با پتانسیل تهاجم بالا در برخی مناطق شمالی و جنوبی ایران به عرصه‌های طبیعی ورود کرده‌اند. گونه‌های لاله‌عباسی (.Mirabilis jalapa L) و کرچک (.Ricinus communis L) از محدوده کشت خود گریخته و در نتیجه به وضعیت تهاجم تغییر کرده‌اند. آن‌ها به طور گسترده در بسیاری از مناطق شهری ایران کشت و پرورش داده می‌شوند. در این تحقیق، طبقه‌بندی تأثیرات زیست‌محیطی IUCN گونه‌های بیگانه (EICAT-IUCN) و طبقه‌بندی تأثیر اجتماعی-اقتصادی گونه‌های بیگانه (SEICAT) برای ارزیابی خطرات احتمالی این گونه‌ها برای گیاهان و جانوران بومی و همچنین برای سلامت انسان به کار گرفته شد. خروجی سیستم ارزیابی EICAT نشان داد که کرچک و لاله‌عباسی از طریق مکانیسم‌ رقابت، پتانسیل ایجاد اثر منفی بر گونه‌های بومی دارند. در رویکرد SEICAT، سلامت و ایمنی به عنوان اجزای تشکیل‌ دهنده رفاه انسان شناسایی شد. بیشترین مکانیسم‌هایی که منجر به اثرات زیست‌محیطی می‌شود رقابت، انتقال بیماری و مسمومیت/سمیت بود. این نتایج نشان داد که این گونه‌ها ممکن است رقابتی‌تر از گونه‌های بومی در پوشش گیاهی شهری باشند. برای رفع این شکاف در داده‌ها و اطمینان از تصمیمات مدیریتی دقیق، درک عمیق‌تر از تأثیر واقعی آن‌ها بر گونه‌های بومی ضروری است. بنابراین، توصیه می‌شود که راهکارهای حفاظتی برای کنترل پراکندگی این گونه‌ها در اکوسیستم‌های شهری اختصاص داده شود.

Keywords [Persian]

  • جایگاه تهاجمی
  • جنگل‌های هیرکانی
  • فرفیونیان
  • گل‌کاغذیان
  • گونه‌های مهاجم

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Rostaniha
Volume 25, Issue 2 - Serial Number 71
December 2024
Pages 181-190

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History

  • Receive Date: 12 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 20 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 23 November 2024
  • Publish Date: 28 December 2024

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