Biodiversity of mycorrhizal fungi and evaluation of optimal conditions for their occurrence in soil to increase sugarcane yield

Document Type : Systematics and Biodiversity of Fungi

Authors

1 Research Instructor, Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

2 Research Prof., Department of Weed Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Researcher of Khuzestan Research and Training Institute for the Development of Sugarcane and Related Industries, Ahvaz, Iran

10.22092/bot.j.iran.2024.366675.1395

Abstract

Mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in promoting the growth and yield of agricultural plants, including sugarcane. To evaluate optimal conditions for these fungi and enhance sugarcane yields in Khuzestan Province (Iran), the species and spore density of mycorrhizal fungi were investigated in a research project across eight sugarcane cultivation and industry companies. Combined soil samples were collected from 25 sub-samples of each 64 selected farms and analyzed in the laboratory. The spores were isolated using wet sieving and decanting method followed by sucrose centrifugation used for determination of fungal species and spore density. Meanwhile, factors such as the physicochemical properties of the soil, crop rotation and ratoon age were measured and recorded, and their impact on spore density and sugarcane yield was calculated statistically. A direct and intimate correlation was also discovered between the density of spores in the soil and the yield of sugarcane, with the best outcomes found in well-drained fields (adequate sand), a neutral to slightly alkaline pH, sufficient moisture, and controlled levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. On the other hand, crop rotation with plants like alfalfa or wheat which are mycorrhizal dependent as well as allowing fields to go fallow, and using fresh ratoon also led to an increase in the density of mycorrhizal fungi spores and sugarcane yield.
 
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

تنوع زیستی قارچ‌های میکوریزی و ارزیابی شرایط بهینه وقوع آن‌ها در خاک برای افزایش علمکرد نیشکر

Authors [Persian]

  • سیما زنگنه 1
  • مهدی مین‌باشی 2
  • کوروش طاهرخانی 3
1 مربی پژوهش بخش تحقیقات رستنی‌ها، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 استاد پژوهش بخش تحقیقات علف‌های هرز، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 پژوهشگر مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش توسعه نیشکر و صنایع جانبی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

قارچ‌های میکوریزی از موجودات مهم خاک هستند که به رشد و محصول‌دهی بیشتر گیاهان زراعی از جمله نیشکر کمک می‌کنند. برای مشخص شدن شرایط مناسب برای قارچ‌های میکوریزی و در نتیجه افزایش عملکرد نیشکر در مزارع استان خوزستان، تنوع گونه‌ای و تراکم هاگ قارچ‌ها، در مزارع هشت شرکت کشت و صنعت نیشکر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه‌های ترکیبی خاک، حاصل از 25 نمونه فرعی از هر 64 مزرعه انتخابی به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. هاگ‌ها با روش الکِ تر و سانتریفوژ با محلول ساکارز از خاک جداسازی و جمع‌آوری شدند و برای محاسبه تعیین گونه قارچ‌ها و تراکم هاگ در خاک مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. سپس عواملی همچون خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک، تناوب زراعی، سن راتون و ارقام نیشکر اندازه‌گیری و ثبت گردید و تاثیر آن‌ها بر میزان تراکم هاگ و عملکرد نیشکر، به صورت آماری محاسبه شد. حاصل بررسی میکروسکوپی هاگ‌ها در تحقیق حاضر، ضمن تشخیص 30 گونه قارچ میکوریزی، مشخص نمود که بین میزان تراکم هاگ‌ها در خاک و عملکرد نیشکر ارتباط مستقیم و نزدیکی وجود دارد و بهترین نتیجه در مزارعی با زهکشی مناسب (ماسه کافی)، با pH خنثی تا قدری قلیایی، رطوبت کافی و مقادیر کنترل شده نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به دست می‌آید. از سوی دیگر، تناوب زراعی با گیاهانی مانند یونجه و گندم که وابسته به همزیستی میکوریزی هستند یا آیش زمین زراعی و همچنین استفاده از راتون تازه در هر کشت باعث افزایش تراکم هاگ قارچ‌های میکوریزی و عملکرد نیشکر شده است.

Keywords [Persian]

  • آیش
  • استان خوزستان
  • تناوب زراعی
  • تراکم هاگ
  • راتون
  • ریزوسفر

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Rostaniha
Volume 25, Issue 1 - Serial Number 70
September 2024
Pages 81-96

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History

  • Receive Date: 10 August 2024
  • Revise Date: 27 August 2024
  • Accept Date: 28 August 2024

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