Developmental and systematic value of flower reproductive organs in Artemisia annua

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran

2 Prof., Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

10.22092/bot.j.iran.2024.366507.1393

Abstract

Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) is a species with high medicinal potential. This study aimed to determine the embryological characteristics of the A. annua with a focus on the development of pollen grains and ovules to help the taxonomic position of this species. Capitulum were studied using light and scanning electron microscopies to describe the floral development. According to the results, the formation of the anther wall was dicotyledonous type and the tapetum layer was multi-nucleated and secretory. The tetrad of microspores were tetragonal and tetrahedral, and mature pollen grains were two-celled, tricolpate. The ovule was of anatropous, unitegmic, and tenuinucellate type. The archesporium was unicellular. T-shaped and linear tetrads of megaspore were observed in megasporogenesis. The micropylar megaspore developed into an eight-nucleate embryo sac with a Polygonum type pattern. Fertilization was of the porogamous type. This species displayed cellular and scant endosperm development. Some embryological features of Asteraceae, Calyceraceae, and G. oodeniaceae are also brought in the present paper. Comparisons revealed embryological features provide obvious evidence for the segregation of these close families. Therefore, based on the study, the authors suggest that systematic studies on this genus and similar genera should not only be done on the thickening of pollen grain surface, but also on the stages of anther and pollen grain development. In addition, embryo sac studies can also reveal hidden systematic differences between different arrays.
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ارزش تکوینی و سیستماتیکی اندام‌های زایشی گل در درمنه خزری

Authors [Persian]

  • زهره شیرخانی 1
  • عبدالکریم چهرگانی‌راد 2
  • فریبا محسن‌زاده 3
1 استادیار گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران
2 استاد گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

درمنه خزری (کاسنیان)، گونه‌­ای با پتانسیل دارویی بالا است. هدف از این مطالعه، مشخص کردن ویژگی‌های رویان­‌شناختی درمنه خزری با تمرکز بر تکوین دانه گرده و تخمک به منظور کمک به جایگاه سیستماتیکی این گونه بود. به این منظور، از میکروسکوپ نوری و الکترونی نگاره برای توصیف تکوین گل استفاده شد. با توجه به نتایج، شکل‌­گیری دیواره بساک در گونه مذکور از نوع دو­لپه‌­ای، لایه مغذی بساک چند­هسته‌­ای و از نوع ترشحی بود. تتراد میکروسپورها از دو نوع تتراگونال و تتراهدرال و دانه­‌های گرده در هنگام شکوفایی دوسلولی، سه‌منفذی و ریزخاردار بودند. تخمک از نوع واژگون، تک‌­پوست‌ه­ای و کم‌­خورش و آرکئوسپور تک‌­سلولی بود. تترادهای مگاسپور T شکل و خطی مشاهده شد. مگاسپور قطب سفتی طبق الگوی تک‌­اسپوری و علف ­‌هفت‌­بند به کیسه‌رویانی هشت هسته‌­ای نمو یافت. لقاح از نوع سفت­‌زامی (porogamous) و تکوین آندوسپرم در این گونه از نوع سلولی بود. برخی از ویژگی‌­های رویان­‌زایی کاسنیان، Calyceraceae  و Goodeniaceae  نیز در این مقاله آورده شده است. مقایسه نشان داد که ویژگی­‌های رویان‌­زایی شواهد آشکاری برای جداسازی این تیره‌­های خویشاوند ارایه می‌­دهد. در نتیجه بررسی حاضر، نگارندگان پیشنهاد می‌­کنند که مطالعات سیستماتیک روی جنس درمنه و جنس­‌های مشابه فقط روی تزیینات دانه گرده نبوده و لازم است مراحل تکوین بساک و دانه گرده نیز مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. به علاوه، مطالعات کیسه­‌رویانی شاید بتواند تفاوت‌­های نهان سیستماتیکی بین آرایه­‌های مختلف را نیز آشکار سازد.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • بساک
  • تخمک
  • دانه گرده
  • کاسنیان
  • کیسه‌رویانی
  • Artemisia annua

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Rostaniha
Volume 25, Issue 1 - Serial Number 70
September 2024
Pages 49-68

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 July 2024
  • Revise Date: 13 August 2024
  • Accept Date: 17 August 2024

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