Developmental and systematic value of flower reproductive organs in Artemisia annua

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran

2 Prof., Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

10.22092/bot.j.iran.2024.366507.1393

Abstract

 This study aimed to determine the embryological characteristics of Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) with a focus on the development of pollen grains and ovules to help the taxonomic position of this species. Capitulum were studied using light and scanning electron microscopies to describe the floral development. According to the results, the formation of the anther wall was dicotyledonous type and the tapetum layer was multi-nucleated and secretory. The tetrad of microspores were tetragonal and tetrahedral, and mature pollen grains were 2-celled, tricolpate. The ovule was of anatropous, unitegmic, and tenuinucellate type. The archesporium was unicellular. T-shaped and linear tetrads of megaspore were observed in megasporogenesis. The micropylar megaspore developed into an eight-nucleate embryo sac with a Polygonum type pattern. Fertilization was of the porogamous type. This species displayed cellular and scant endosperm development. Some embryological features of Asteraceae, Calyceraceae, and Goodeniaceae are also brought in the present paper. Comparisons between embryological features provide some obvious evidence for the segregation of these close families. Therefore, based on the present survey, the authors suggest that, systematic studies on this genus and similar genera should not only be done on the thickening of pollen grain surface, but also on the stages of anther and pollen grain development. In addition, embryo sac studies can also reveal hidden systematic differences between different arrays.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ارزش تکوینی و سیستماتیکی اندام‌های زایشی گل در درمنه خزری

Authors [Persian]

  • زهره شیرخانی 1
  • عبدالکریم چهرگانی‌راد 2
  • فریبا محسن‌زاده 3
1 استادیار گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران، ایران
2 استاد گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

 هدف از این مطالعه، مشخص کردن ویژگی‌های رویان‌شناختی درمنه خزری (کاسنیان) با تمرکز بر تکوین دانه گرده و تخمک به منظور کمک به جایگاه سیستماتیکی این گونه بود. به این منظور، از میکروسکوپ نوری و الکترونی نگاره برای توصیف تکوین گل استفاده شد. با توجه به نتایج، شکل‌گیری دیواره بساک در این گونه از نوع دولپه‌ای، لایه مغذی بساک چندهسته‌ای و از نوع ترشحی بود. تتراد میکروسپورها از دو نوع تتراگونال و تتراهدرال و دانه‌های گرده هنگام شکوفایی دویاخته‌ای، سه‌منفذی و ریزخاردار بودند. تخمک از نوع واژگون، تک‌پوسته‌ای و کم‌خورش و آرکئوسپور تک‌یاخته‌ای بود. تترادهای مگاسپور T شکل و خطی مشاهده شد. مگاسپور قطب سفتی طبق الگوی تک‌اسپوری و علف هفت‌بند به کیسه‌رویانی هشت هسته‌ای نمو یافت. لقاح از نوع سفت‌زامی (porogamous) و تکوین آندوسپرم در این گونه از نوع یاخته‌ای بود. برخی از ویژگی‌های رویان‌زایی کاسنیان، Calyceraceae و Goodeniaceae نیز در این مقاله آورده شده که مقایسه این موارد نشان داد ویژگی‌های رویان‌زایی شواهد آشکاری برای جداسازی این سه تیره‌ خویشاوند ارایه می‌دهد. در نتیجه بررسی حاضر، نگارندگان پیشنهاد می‌کنند که طی مطالعات سیستماتیک جنس درمنه خزری و جنس‌های مشابه، لازم است علاوه بر تزیینات دانه گرده، مراحل تکوین بساک و دانه گرده نیز مورد بررسی قرار گیرند. به علاوه، مطالعات کیسه‌رویانی شاید بتواند تفاوت‌های نهان سیستماتیکی بین آرایه‌های مختلف آن‌ها را آشکار سازد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • بساک
  • تخمک
  • دانه گرده
  • کاسنیان
  • کیسه‌رویانی
  • Artemisia annua

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Rostaniha
Volume 25, Issue 1 - Serial Number 70
September 2024
Pages 49-68

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 July 2024
  • Revise Date: 13 August 2024
  • Accept Date: 17 August 2024

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