Foliar micromorphology of the family Lythraceae in Iran with special emphasis on the genera Lythrum, Ammannia, and Rotala

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41938-33697, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41938-33697, Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, 74934-75918, Iran

Abstract

In the present survey, leaf micromorphological characters of 14 species belonging to three genera viz. Lythrum, Ammannia, and Rotala (Lythraceae) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed two types of trichomes, three types of the papilla, nine types and five sub-types of epicuticular wax ornamentation, three types of anticlinal wall and outer periclinal layer, four types of outer stomatal rim/peristomatal rim pattern on both sides of the leaf surfaces. These characteristics are quite useful from taxonomic point of view. Based on the micromorphological characteristics of the leaves, an identification key is also provided for the studied species. Numerical analyses (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages and principal components analysis) was used to find out the similarities and micromorphological correlations among the studied taxa. The present study revealed the alliance of eight Lythrum species, while some traits overlap between Ammannia, Rotala, and three Lythrum. The results also showed that, numerical analyses of leaf micmorphological traits is unable to determine the delimitation of the studied genera.
 
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

مطالعه ریزریخت شناسی برگ گل‌حناییان در ایران؛ با تاکید بر جنس های Lythrum ،Ammannia و Rotala

Authors [Persian]

  • رعنا محمودی 1
  • مرضیه بیگم فقیر 2
  • ربابه شاهی شاوون 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گیلان، کد پستی 33697-41938، رشت، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه زیست‌‌‌شناسی دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گیلان، کد پستی 33697-41938، رشت، ایران
3 استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه یاسوج، کد پستی 75918-74934، یاسوج، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

در بررسی حاضر، خصوصیات ریز‌ریخت شناسی برگ 14 گونه متعلق به سه جنس Lythrum ،Ammannia و Rotala (Lythraceae) با استفاده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج، دو نوع کرک، سه نوع پاپیلا، نه تیپ و پنج زیرتیپ از تزیینات موم روی کوتیکولی، سه نوع دیواره آنتی کلینال و لایه بیرونی پری کلینال، چهار نوع لبه بیرونی روزنه/ الگوی لبه درونی در دو طرف سطح برگ را آشکار ساخت. این صفات دارای اهمیت تاکسونومیکی بوده و برای شناسایی سرده‌ها و گونه‌های تیره Lythraceae مفید هستند. برای یافتن شباهت‌ها و همبستگی‌های ریزریخت شناسی بین جنس ها و گونه‌ها از آنالیز عددی (روش جفت-گروه وزن‌دهی نشده با میانگین‌های حسابی و تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اصلی) استفاده شد. یافته های ما ارتباط و اتحاد هشت گونه Lythrum را نشان می‌دهد، در حالی‌ که برخی از صفات بین گونه‌های Ammannia ،Rotala و سه گونه Lythrum هم‌پوشانی دارند. نتایح این بررسی نشان داد که تجزیه و تحلیل عددی صفات ریز‌ریخت شناسی برگ قادر به نشان دادن روابط بین سه جنس نیست.

Keywords [Persian]

  • آنالیز چند‌متغیره
  • اپیدرم
  • تاکسونومی
  • موم روی کوتیکولی
  • میکروسکوپ الکترونی

References

Afanas'ev, K.S. 1949. Lythraceae. Pp. 525–553. In: Flora of USSR. Vol. 15 (Shishkin, B.K. & Bobrov, E.G., eds). Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
APG IV. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20.
Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I., Theisen, I. & Wilhelmi, H. 1998. Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 126: 237–260.
Baas, P. 1986. Wood anatomy of Lythraceae-additional genera (Capuronia, Galpinia, Haitia, Orias, and Pleurophora). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73: 810–819.
Carpenter, K.J. 2005. Stomatal architecture and evolution in basal angiosperms. American Journal of Botany 92: 1595–1615.
Conti, E., Litt, A., Wilson, P.G., Graham, S.A., Briggs, B.G., Johnson L.A.S. & Sytsma, K.J. 1997. Interfamilial relationships in Myrtales: molecular phylogeny and patterns of morphological evolution. Systematic Botany 22: 629–647.
Conti, E., Litt, A. & Sytsma, K.J. 1996. Circumscription of Myrtales and their relationships to other Rosids: evidence from rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 83: 221–233.
Cook, C.D. 1979. A revision of the genus Rotala (Lythraceae). Boissiera 29: 1–156.
Cook, C.D. 1996. Aquatic Plant Book. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam. 228 pp.
Cuihua, G.u., Li, Ma., Zhiqiang, Wu. Kai, Ch. & Yixiang, W. 2019. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from 22 Lythraceae species: inferences for phylogenetic relationships and genome evolution within Myrtales. BMC Plant Biology 19(1): 1–19.
Dech, J.P. & Nosko, P. 2004. Rapid growth and early flowering in an invasive plant, purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) during an El Nino spring. International Journal of Biometeorology 49: 26–31.
De Vos, O.C. 1971. Studies in floral anatomy of the Lythraceae I. Placental vascularisation in Peplis L. Acta Botanica Neerlandica Journal 20: 239–244.
Davis, P.H. 1972. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Davis, P.H. 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Egolf, D.R. & Andrick, A.O. 1978. The Lagerstroemia handbook/checklist. Jamaica Plain, MA: Amer. Association Botanical Garden and Arboreta, INC. 72 pp.
Ergen Akin, Ö., Şenel, G. & Akin, Y. 2013. Leaf epidermis morphology of some Onosma (Boraginaceae) species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 37: 55–64.
Faghir, M.B., Razaz, M., Attar, F., Salehi, Z. 2018. Leaf epidermal micromorphology of the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from Iran. Acta Botanica Hungarica 60(3–4): 313–330.
Fehrenbach, S. & Barthlot, W. 1988. Mikromorphologie der epicuticularwaches der Rosales s.l. und deren systematische gliederung. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systemmatik 109: 407–428.
Ghahremaninejad, F., Khalili, Z., Maassoumi, A.A., Mirzaie-Nodoushan, H. & Riahi, M. 2012. Leaf epidermal features of Salix species (Salicaceae) and their systematic significance. American Journal of Botany 99(4): 769–777.
Graham, S.A. 1985. A revision of Ammannia (Lythraceae) in the western hemisphere. Journal of Arnold Arboretum 66: 395–420.
Graham, S.A. 2007. Lythraceae. Pp. 226–246. In: The families and genera of vascular plants Vol. 9 (Kubitzki, K., ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Graham, S.A. & Cavalcanti, T.B. 2001. New chromosome counts in the Lythraceae and a review of chromosome numbers in the family. Systematic Botany 26: 445–458.
Graham, S.A., Diazgranados, M. & Barber, J.C. 2011. Relationships among the confounding genera Ammannia, Hionanthera, Nesaea, and Rotala (Lythraceae). Journal of the Linnaean Society Botany 166: 1–19.
Graham, S.A., Freudenstein, J.V. & Luker, M. 2006. A phylogenetic study of Cuphea (Lythraceae) based on morphology and nuclear rDNA ITS Sequences. Systematic Botany 31(4): 764–778.
Graham, S.A. & Gandhi, K. 2013. Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of Nesaea and Hionanthera to Ammannia (Lythraceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 18(1): 71–90.
Graham, S.A., Hall, J., Sytsma, K. & Shiz, S.H. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of the Lythraceae based on four gene regions and morphology. International Journal of Plant Science 166(6): 995–1017.
Graham, A., Nowicke, J., Skvarla, J.J., Graham, S.A., Patel, V. & Lee, S. 1987. Palynology and systematics of the Lythraceae. I. Introduction and genera Adenaria through Ginoria. American Journal of Botany 72: 1012–1031.
Ghahraman, A. & Veiskarami, G.H.H. 2000. Two new records for Iran: Bergia aquatica and Ammannia verticillata. Iranian Journal of Botany 8(2): 255–258.
Hanna, D. 2017. Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria, ISC, invasive species. bcinvasives.ca/info@bcinvasives.ca/1-888-933–3722.
Hoffmann, B. & Broadhurst, L.M. 2016. The economic cost of managing invasive species in Australia. NeoBiota 31: 1–18.
Khanavi, M., Moshteh, M., Manayi, A., Shams Ardekani, M.R., Vazirian, M., Ajani, Y. & Ostad, S.N. 2011. Cytotoxic activity of Lythrum salicaria L. Sciences 6(2): 55–57.
Koch, K. & Barthlot, W. 2009. Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic plant surfaces: an inspiration for biomimetic materials. Mathematical Physical Engineering Sciences 367(1893): 1487–1509.
Koehne, B.A.E. 1880. Lythraceae. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik 1: 145–178.
Kshirsagar, A. & Vikos, N.P. 2012. Study of vessel elements in the stem of genus Cuphea, Woodfordia, Lawsonia, and Lagerstroemia. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences 2: 887–884.
Kumar, V.S.A. & Murugan, K. 2015. Taxonomic implications with special refereces to stomatal variations in Solanum species using light and scanning electron microscope. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 6(2): 113–125.
Little, S.A., Stockey, R.A. & Keating, R.C. 2004. Duabanga like leaves from the middle Eocene Princeton Chert and comparative leaf histology of Lythraceae sensu lato. American Journal of Botany 91: 1126–1139.
Mabberley, D.J. 2005. The Plant Book. Cambridge University Press. 1102 pp.
Manayi, A., Saeidnia, S., Shekarchi, M., Hadjiakhoondi, A., Shams Ardekani, M.R. & Khanavi, M. 2014. Comparative study of the essential oil and hydrolate composition of Lythrum salicaria L. obtained by hydro-distillation and microwave distillation methods. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy 1(2): 33–38.
Metcalf, C.R. & Chalk, L. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Claredon Press. Oxford, Vol. 1, pp. 532–553.
Naqinezhad, A. & Naseri Larijani, N. 2017. Ammannia coccinea (Lythraceae), a new record for the Flora Iranica area. Phytologia Balcanica 23(1): 35–38.
Narzary, D., Ranade, S.A., Divakar, P.K. & Rana, T.S. 2016. Molecular differentiation and phylogenetic relationship of the genus Punica (Punicaceae) with other taxa of the order Myrtales. Rheedea 26(1): 37–51.
Neinhuis, C. & Barthlott, W. 1997. Characterization and distribution of water-repellent, self-cleaning plant surfaces. Annals of Botany 79(6): 667–617.
Noormohammadi, Z., Parvini, F., Sheidai, M. & Vazifeshenas, M.R. 2010. Further study of morphological and molecular diversity in 18 pomegranate landraces of Iran. Gene Conserves 38: 189–200.
Polatschek, A. & Rechinger, K.H. 1968. Lythraceae. In: Flora Iranica Vol. 51 (Reshinger, K.H., ed.). Akad. Druckund Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Qin, H.N., Graham, S. & Gilbert, M.G. 2007. Lythraceae. Pp. 274–289. In: Flora of China Vol. 13 (Wu, Z.Y., ed.). Science Publishers, Beijing, China.
Rao, R.V., Sharma, B., Chauhan, L. & Dayal, R. 1987. Reinvestigations of the wood anatomy of Duabanga and Sonneratia with particular reference to their systematic position. IAWA Bulletin (new series) 8: 337–345.
Rohlf, F.J. 2000. NTsys-pc, Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Ver. 2.0. Exeter Software Pub. (Ltd.) New York.
Shaeen, N., Khan, M.A., Yasmin, G.H., Ahmad, M., Mahmood, T., Hayat, M.Q. & Zafar, M. 2009. Foliar epidermal anatomy and its systematic implication within the genus Sida L. (Malvaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology 8: 5328–5336.
Siddiqi, M.R., Ahmad, S. & Rehman, Z. 1991. A contribution to the study of epidermis in some member of Euphorbiaceae. Pp. 169–182. In: Plant life of South Asia (Ali, S.I. & Ghaffar, A., eds). Proceedings of the International Symposium, Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan.
Sneath, P.H.A. & Sokal, R.R. 1973. Numerical taxonomy: The principles and practice of numerical classification. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Sytsma, K.J., Litt, A., Zihra, M.L., Pires, J.C., Nepokroeff, M., Conti, E., Walker, J. & Wilson, P.G. 2004. Clades, clocks, and continents: historical and biogeographical analysis of Myrtaceae, Vochysiaceae, and relatives in the Southern Hemisphere. International Journal of Plant Science 165: 85–105.
Torres, C.D. & Puntieri, J.G. 2015. Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae) new appointment the flora of Argentina. Darwiniana 3(2): 208–213.
Webb, D.A. 1967. Lythraceae. Pp. 300–303. In: Flora Europaea Vol. 2 (Tutin, T.G., ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Wilkinson, H.P. 1979. The plant surface (mainly leaf). Part 1: Stomata. Pp. 97–167. In: Anatomy of the Dicotyledons, 2nd edn. (Metcalfe, C.R. & Chalk, L., eds). Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Wissemann, V. 2000. Epicuticular wax morphology and the taxonomy of Rosa (Section Canina, subsection Rubiginos). Plant Systematics and Evolution 221: 107–112.
Yousef Naanaie, S. 2010. Lythraceae. Pp. 1–33. In.: Flora of Iran Vol. 67 (Assadi, M., Maassoumi A.A., Babakhanlou, P. & Mozaffarian, V., eds). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
(In Persian).
 
Rostaniha
Volume 23, Issue 2 - Serial Number 67
December 2022
Pages 161-179

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 May 2022
  • Revise Date: 14 July 2022
  • Accept Date: 22 August 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics