Study on utricle morphological and micro-morphological characters of Carex subgenus Carex in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc Graduate, Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Research Assistant Prof., Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Carex, the largest genus of Cyperaceae family in the world and Iran, includes four subgenera, of which the subgenus Carex with 68 species in Flora Iranica area and 44 species in Iran is the largest subgenus. Due to morphological similarities between species, this genus is composed of several complex groups. The reproductive structures (inflorescence and flower) in this genus, especially utricle and nut, are of special importance for the identification and delimitation of species. In this research, the utricle characters among Carex species in Iran have been studied. In order to evaluate the morphological and micromorphological characters, herbarium samples were used and the obtained data were analyzed using PAST software Ver. 3.14. Utricle shape (general and transverse view), winged or wingless margin, wall material, the presence of veins and its number, the presence of hair and beak (shape and length) were more important than other characters. Identification key was prepared based on morphological characters for subgenus Carex in Iran. The morphological traits of utricle were useful only at the species level but were not effective at the section level and also the micromorphological traits were not effective at either the species level or the cluster level. Also, cluster analysis based on utricle morphological data did not confirm the conventional classifications of sections in the Flora Iranica and the Flora of Iran, but showed more agreement with phylogenetic results.
 
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

ریخت‌شناسی و ریزریخت‌شناسی اوتریکول در گونه‌های Carex زیرجنس Carex در ایران

Authors [Persian]

  • انسیه پسرکلو 1
  • محمد امینی راد 2
  • احمدرضا محرابیان 3
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ‌ارشد سیستماتیک و اکولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌شناسی، ﻣﺆسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

جنس Carex، بزرگ‌ترین جنس تیره اویارسلام در دنیا و ایران، دارای چهار زیرجنس است که زیرجنس Carex با داشتن 68 گونه در محدوده فلورا ایرانیکا و 44 گونه در ایران بزرگ‌ترین زیرجنس می‌باشد. این جنس به دلیل داشتن شباهت‌های ریخت‌شناسی بین گونه‌ها، از گروه‌های کمپلکس متعددی تشکیل شده است. صفات مربوط به ساختارهای زایشی به ویژه اوتریکول و فندقه برای شناسایی و مرزبندی گونه‌ها در این جنس از اهمیت خاصی برخوردارند. در این تحقیق، ساختار اوتریکول در بین گونه‌های زیرجنس Carex در ایران مطالعه شده است. به منظور ارزیابی صفات ریخت‌شناسی و ریزریخت‌شناسی، از نمونه‌های هرباریومی استفاده شد و داده‌های به دست آمده، با استفاده از نرم‌افزارPAST  نسخه 14/3 آنالیز شدند. صفاتی از قبیل شکل اوتریکول (نمای کلی و عرضی)، بالدار و یا بالدار نبودن حاشیه، جنس، وجود رگه و تعداد آن، وجود کرک و منقار (شکل و طول) از اهمیت بیشتری نسبت به سایر صفات برخوردار بودند. کلید شناسایی براساس صفات ریخت‌شناسی برای گونه‌های زیرجنس Carex در ایران تهیه شد. صفات ریخت‌شناسی اوتریکول صرفا در سطح گونه مفید بوده، ولی در سطح فراگونه (بخش) و همچنین صفات ریزریخت‌شناسی، نه در سطح گونه و نه در سطح بخش مؤثر واقع نشد. به علاوه، آنالیز تجزیه خوشه‌ای براساس داده‌های ریخت‌شناسی اوتریکول، طبقه‌‌بندی‌های مرسوم بخش‌ها در فلور ایران و فلور ایرانیکا را ﺗایید نکرد، ولی با نتایج فیلوژنی مطابقت بیشتری نشان داد.
 
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • تاکسونومی
  • تیره اویارسلام
  • فندقه
  • کلید شناسایی
  • میکروسکوپ الکترونی نگاره

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History

  • Receive Date: 05 September 2020
  • Revise Date: 27 October 2020
  • Accept Date: 20 January 2021

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