Identification of Penicillium species from citrus fruits and various bread types in Shiraz

Document Type : Systematics and Biodiversity of Fungi

Authors

1 PhD Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran

2 Prof., Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144165186, Iran

Abstract

Members belonging to the genus Penicillium have a worldwide distribution and to date contains 359 accepted species divided among 25 sections, some of which have a considerable economic effect. The most important foodstuff which is the ecological nich of species of this genus is bread, as microbial decay agents, and citrus fruits, as postharvest pathogens. In this study, during winter 2018, spring and autumn 2019, samples were collected from infected citrus fruit (orange, tangerine, sour orange, lemon, lemon thistle, key lime, bergamot, grapefruit, bael, and kumquat) and various types of infested wheat bread from Shiraz (Iran). Species were identified based on morphological characteristics including microscopic (i.e.conidia dimensions, conidial ornamentation, phialide and metulae length, conidiophore width and ornamentation, and conidiophore branching pattern) as well as macroscopic features (including growth rate, obverse and reverse color of the colony, colony texture, and sporulation rate). Ten species were identified according to morphological features. Four species, including Penicillium italicum, P. ulaiense, P. digitatum,and P.discolor,belonging to sections Penicillium, Digitata, and Viridicata, were identified on citrus fruits and six species, including P. chrysogenum, P. atramentosum,P. polonicum, P. roqueforti, P. citrinum,and P.oxalicum, belonging to sections Chrysogena, Viridicata, Roqueforti, Citrina, and Lanata-Divaricata, were characterized from infested bread. Penicillium ulaiense and P. atramentosum are new for Iran mycobiota and it is the first world report of P.discolors as a citrus pathogen.
 
 

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

شناسایی گونه‌های پنیسیلیوم در میوه‌های مرکبات و انواع نان در شیراز

Authors [Persian]

  • دلارام دلشاد 1
  • رضا مستوفی زاده قلمفرسا 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز 7144165186، ایران
2 استاد بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، بخش گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز 7144165186، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

اعضای متعلق به جنس  Penicillium دارای پراکنش وسیعی در سراسر جهان بوده و در حال حاضر دارای 359 گونه قابل قبول در 25 گروه بوده که تاثیر اقتصادی قابل توجهی دارند. از مهم‌ترین مواد غذایی که پردازه فعالیت گونه‌های این جنس هستند می‌توان از نان، به عنوان عامل فساد میکروبی و مرکبات، به عنوان عامل پوسیدگی پس از برداشت، نام برد. در این مطالعه، نمونه‌هایی از میوه‌های مرکبات آلوده (پرتقال، نارنگی، نارنج، لیموشیرین، لیموخارگی، لیموترش شیرازی، ترنج، گریپ فروت، بکرایی و پورنج) و همچنین انواع نان گندم آلوده گردآوری شد. شناسایی گونه‌ها براساس ویژگی ریخت‌شناختی شامل خصوصیات میکروسکوپی (شکل، تزیینات، طول و عرض کنیدیوم، طول فیالیدها و متولا، تزیینات و عرض کنیدیوفور و نحوه انشعاب کنیدیوفورها) و خصوصیات ماکروسکوپی (شامل رشد شعاعی پرگنه، رنگ سطح و پشت پرگنه، ترشحات پرگنه، بافت پرگنه و میزان هاگ‌زایی) انجام شد. در نهایت، 10 گونه براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی شناسایی شد. این آرایه‌ها شامل چهار گونه
Penicillium italicum، P. ulaiense، P. digitatum وP.discolor از میوه‌های مرکبات و شش گونه P. chrysogenum، P. atramentosum ،
P. polonicum،P. roqueforti ، P. citrinumوP.oxalicum  از نان‌های آلوده بود. از این میان، گونه‌های P. ulaiense، P.discolorوP. atramentosumبرای نخستینبار از ایران گزارش می‌شوند و این نخستین گزارش از جداسازی و بیماری­زایی P.discolorاز میوه مرکبات در دنیا است.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • آسکومیکوتا
  • بیماری‌های انباری
  • فساد میکروبی
  • مرکبات
  • نان

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Rostaniha
Volume 21, Issue 1 - Serial Number 59
September 2020
Pages 65-78

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 January 2020
  • Revise Date: 21 May 2020
  • Accept Date: 22 June 2020

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