Determining the structure and map of vegetation of Mirabad protected area (Iran) using DEM and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Document Type : Systematics and Biodiversity of Plants

Authors

1 MSc Student, Department of Biology (Plant Sciences), Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Biology (Plant Sciences), Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

The Mirabad protected area (S. Azarbaijan, Iran) has a variety of ecological nurseries due to elevation of the sea, physiographic factors, micro-climates and soil types, and has high vegetation diversity. Mirabad protected area in the Piranshahr-Sardasht axis is between the latitudes of 36° 23' and 36° 31' north, and the lengths 45° 15' and 45° 25', with an area of ​​11435 ha, in the elevation range 1177–2068 m above sea level. The average rainfall and annual temperature over the age of 19 years are 696 mm and 12.3 °C, respectively. The present study, examines the vegetation structure of the region in the year 2017 where two types of classification and GIS were used. Thus, with the help of ArcGIS software (ArcGIS 9.3), maps, slope, aspect, and elevation were prepared. From the integration of these maps, in the map of the units of work, 224 study units were homogeneous and identified and then field studies were done in these units. To sample vegetation by random distribution method, Whittaker multi-scale unit parts in plant types, 447 plant species were identified from 81 families and 301 genera. In the next step, plant types were based on biological diversity at a similar level of 75% in four distinct clusters, with the highest genetic distance between the Astragaleto-Ferulaetum plant type and the Querceto-Amygdaletum plant type. The highest and lowest similarity index was observed between Gulke 57% Gulke and Soeystan 12%, respectively. Biological diversity was higher in Quercetum, Querceto-Amygdaletum and Querceto-Pistaciaetum species than in other types. 
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

تعیین ساختار و نقشه پوشش گیاهی منطقه حفاظت‌شده میرآباد با استفاده از مدل رقومی ارتفاع زمین (DEM) و سیستم‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)

Authors [Persian]

  • فاروق سلیمانی 1
  • جلیل خارا 2
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زیست‌شناسی (علوم گیاهی)، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه زیست‌شناسی (علوم گیاهی)، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
Abstract [Persian]

منطقه حفاظت‌شده میرآباد آشیان‌های اکولوژیکی متنوعی دارد که به علت ارتفاع از سطح دریا، عوامل فیزیوگرافی، خرد اقلیم‌ها و انواع خاک ایجاد شده‌اند و از تنوع گیاهی بالای برخوردار است. جهت مطالعه و بررسی ساختار پوشش گیاهی منطقه، از دو روش طبقه‌بندی و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) به کار گرفته شد. به این ‌صورت که با کمک نرم‌افزار (9.3 ArcGIS) نقشه‌های شیب، جهت و ارتفاع تهیه و از تلفیق این نقشه‌ها، نقشه واحدهای کاری تهیه شد که در آن، 224 واحد کاری مطالعاتی همگن تفکیک و مشخص گردید و سپس مطالعات صحرایی در این واحدها انجام گرفت. برای نمونه‌برداری پوشش گیاهی به روش توزیع تصادفی قطعات نمونه چنداندازه‌ای ویتاکر در تیپ‌های گیاهی، 447 گونه گیاهی از 81 تیره و 301 جنس شناسایی گردید. مرحله بعد تیپ‌های گیاهی براساس طیف زیستی در سطح تشابه 75 درصد در چهار کلاستر مجزا قرار گرفتند که بیشترین فاصله ژنتیکی بین تیپ گیاهی Astragaleto-Ferulaetum با تیپ گیاهی Querceto-Amygdaletum وجود داشت. بالاترین و کمترین شاخص تشابه به ترتیب بین تیپ‌های گیاهی گولک 57 درصد و گولک و سویستان 12 درصد مشاهده گردید. تنوع زیستی در تیپ‌های گیاهی Quercetum، Querceto-Amygdaletum و Querceto-Pistaciaetum نسبت به تیپ‌های دیگر بیشتر بوده است.
 

Keywords [Persian]

  • تیپ گیاهی
  • سردشت
  • شاخص تشابه
  • طبقه‌بندی
  • قطعات نمونه چنداندازه‌ای ویتاکر

References

Accad, A. & Neil, D.T. 2006. Modelling pre-clearing vegetation distribution using GIS-integrated statistical, ecological and data models: A case study from the wet tropics of Northeastern Australia. Ecological Modelling 198: 85–100.
Alavi, M. 1994. Tectonocs of Zagros Orogenic belt of Iran, new data and interpretation. Tectonophysics 229: 211–238.
Andrieu, N., Josien, E. & Duru, M. 2007. Relationships between diversity of grassland vegetation, field characteristics and land use management. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 120: 359–369.
Anonymous. 2005. Topography map 1: 50000 Piranshahr area Henghadabad and Mirabad sheets using stellite images in the way of digital cartography. Department of Geographic Organization.
Assadi, M. (ed.) 1988–2015. Flora of Iran, Vols 1–85. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications, Tehran (In Persian).
Austin, M.P. & Smith, T.M. 1989. A new model for the continuum concept. Vegetatio 83: 35–47.
Box, E.O. 1981. Macroclimate and plant form: An introduction to predictive modeling in phytogeography. Junk Publishers. The Hague, Boston and London.
Davis, F.W. & Goetz, S. 1990. Modeling vegetation pattern using digital terrain data. Landscape Ecology 4: 69–80.
Davis, P.H. (ed.) 1965–85. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vols 1–9. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Fels, J.E. 1994. Modeling and mapping potential vegetaition using digital terrain data PhD dissertation, College of Forest Resources, North Carolina State University: 317 pp.
Ghahreman, A. 1990–99. Colour flora of Iran, Vols 1–20. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran.
Haghiyan, I. & Heshmati, Kh.A. 2014. Structure and map of vegetation using GIS and classification method Cluster Case study: Bird rangelands of Endour district, Amol, Mazandaran. Rangeland Journal 1(2): 13–29 (In Persian).
Hamzeh, B. 2016. Floristic study of Bisotun protected area.Taxonomy and Biosystematics 8(29): 25–50 (In Persian).
Hidari, M., Mahdavi, A. & Attar Roshan, S. 2010. Recognition of the relationship between some physiographic and physiochemical factors of the soil with plant ecological groups in the protected areas of Melha Goon, Ilam. Iran Forest and Poplar Research 17(1): 149–160 (In Persian).
Hoersch, B., Braun, G. & Schmidt, U. 2002. Relation between landform and vegetation in alpine regions of Wallis, Switzerland. A multiscale remote sensing and GIS approach computers. Environment and Urban Systems 26: 113–139.
IPNI. The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved from http://www.ipni.org. On: 1 October.
Jalili, A. & Jamzad, Z. 1999. Red Data Book of Iran, a preliminary survey of endemic, rare and endangered plant species in Iran. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran.
Kessell, S.R. 1979. Gradient modeling: resource and fire management. Enviromental Management 1:
39–48.
Khara, J., Azar, A., Siami, A. & Hidari, M. 2012. Study of flora, life form, International Wetlands of Urmia Lake National Park, Iran. National Conference on Biodiversity and its Impact on Agriculture and the Environment, Urmia University, 14 pp. (In Persian).
Kordsavadkouh, T. 2006. Geo-botanical investigates on Charat Watershed. MSc thesis. Natural Resources, Faculty of Mazandaran University. 146 pp.
Kuchler, A.W. & Zonneveld, L.S. 1988. Vegetation Mapping. Kluwer Academic Pub., Amesterdam: 551 pp.
Lees, B.G. & Ritman, K. 1991. Decision-tree and rule-induction approach to integration of remotely sensed and GIS data in mapping vegetation in disturbed or hilly environments. Enviromental Management 15: 823–831.
Leps, J. & Smilauer, P. 2003. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using Canoco. Cambridge University Press, UK. 369 pp.
Lowell, K.E. 1991. Utilizing discriminant function system to model ecological succession spatially. International Journal of Geographic Analysis with a Geographical Information System 5: 175–191.
Mackey, B.G. 1994. A spatial analysis of the environmental relations of rainforest structural types. Journal of Biogeography 20: 303–336.
Makhdoom, M. 2005. The Basement of the Land (7th ed.). Tehran University (In Persian).
Mehrnia, M. & Ramak, P. 2014. Floristic investigation of Noujian Watershed (Lorestan province). Iranian Journal of Plant Biology 6(20):113–136.
Miller, R.I. 1986. Predicting rare plant distribution patterns in the south-eastern USA. Journal of Biogeography 13: 293–311.
Mesdaghi, M. 2001. Vegetation Description and Analysis. Jahad-e Daneshgahi Press. 287 pp.
(In Persian).
Mozaffarian, V. 2004. Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Publications of the Institute of Farhang-e Mo’aser. 671 pp. (In Persian).
Nemati Peykani, M., Jamzad, Z., Noori, F. & Jalilian, N. 2009. Collection and identification of Kermanshah province flora in order to herbarium establishment. Agriculture and Natural Resources Researches Center of Kermanshah (In Persian).
Pilehvar, B., Kazemi, S. & Veiskarami, Z. 2016. Application of random sampling in floristic, chorologic, and life form studies. Case study: Hashtad-Pahlou forest catchment, Lorestan. Iranian Journal of Wood & Forest Science and Technology 23(2): 161–180 (In Persian).
Pilehvar, B., Veiskarami, Gh., Abkenar, K. & Soosani, J. 2010. Relative contribution of vegetation types to regional biodiversity in Central Zagross forests of Iran. Biodiversity and Conservation 19(12):
3361–3374.
Rechinger, K.H. (ed.). 1963–2010. Flora Iranica, Vols 1–178. Akademische Druck-U Verlagsanstalt, Graz.
Soleymani, F., Pirzad, A.R. & Soleymani, F. 2013. Floristic study, genetic value and life forms of medicinal plants in Mirabad protected area of Sardasht. The 2nd National Conference on Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture and
the Environment. Urmia University. 14 pp.
(In Persian).
Stohlgren, T.J., Chong, G.W. & Schell, L.D. 1997. Rapid assessment of plant diversity patterns: a methodology for landscapes. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 48(1): 25–43.
Wellstein, C., Otte, A. & Waldhardt, R. 2007. Impact of site and management on the diversity of central European mesic grasslands. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 122: 203–210.
Zohary, M. 1973. Geobotanical fundations of the Middle East. 2 Vols. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Zarechahouki, M.A. 2015. The Booklet of Plant Sociology, Natural Resources. Faculty of Tehran University (In Persian).

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 July 2018
  • Revise Date: 31 August 2018
  • Accept Date: 05 September 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics