Distribution patterns and diversity of Onosma in Iran: with emphasis on endemism conservation and distribution pattern in SW Asia

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Assistant Prof., Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, GC., P.O. Box 1983969411, Tehran, Iran (a_mehrabian@sbu.ac.ir)

Abstract

Geobotanical assessment of taxa with a high percentage of richness and endemism plays an important role on conservation plans. South-West Asia is one of the main biodiversity centers of the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae) comprising a high rate of species richness and endemism in Iran. Due to existing threatened factors to habitats and lack of sufficient data on conservation and distribution patterns the species of Onosma have been evaluated based on filed works and herbarium assessment by GIS. The results indicate that the most important hotspots and biodiversity centers of the genus in SW Asia are Caucasus mountains, Anatolian  plateau, Hindukush mountains as well as Zagros mountains. Sect. Protonosma showing a distribution mainly in sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary rocks, whereas Sect. Podonosma in sedimentary rocks. Moreover, subsect. Onosma showing a distribution in wide spectra of substrate as follow sedimentary, volcanic-sedimentary, igneous and ophiolitic formations. In phytogeographical point of view, approximately 81.80 percent of taxa are belonging to Irano-Turanian region and 19.20 percent are biregional or multiregional western slopes of central Zagros and southern slopes of central Alborz are considered as the highest conservation priorities. Rare species have been mostly reported from one locality with single population, which majorities belong to subsections Hapolotricha and Heterotricha respectively. According to IUCN threatened categories, about 50% of species have been classified in critically endangred (CR) and endengred (En) categories. This study also showing some evidence on differentiation of Podonosma from Onosma which have been already done by the other biosystematics studies.

Keywords


Article Title [Persian]

الگوهای پراکنش و تنوع جنس Onosma در ایران با تاکید بر حفاظت، بومزادی و الگوهای پراکنش در جنوب غرب آسیا

Author [Persian]

  • احمدرضا محرابیان
استادیار دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، صندوق پستی 1983969411
Abstract [Persian]

ارزیابی ژئوبوتانیکی آرایه‌های غنی و دارای درصد بومزادی (اندمیسم) بالا نقش مهمی در اجرای برنامه‌های حفاظت از تنوع گیاهی ایفا می‌نماید. جنسOnosma  با تمرکز اصلی در جنوب غرب آسیا دارای غنای گونه‌ای و بومزادی بالایی در ایران می‌باشد. به واسطه خطرات تهدید کننده زیستگاه‎ها و نیز عدم اطلاعات کافی پیرامون وضعیت حفاظتی این جنس، الگوی پراکنش در مناطق مختلف جغرافیایی، زمین‌شناختی و زیست اقلیمی ایران براساس مطالعات میدانی و بازبینی نمونه‌های هرباریومی با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که کوه‌های قفقاز، فلات آناتولی و هندوکش در آسیای میانه به همراه زاگرس (مطابق با ناحیه بومزادی ایرانو- تورانی) مناطق مهم تنوع گونه‌ای این جنس را در جنوب غرب آسیا تشکیل می‌دهند. پراکنش غالب گونه‌های بخش Protonosma در بستر آتشفشانی-رسوبی و رسوبی، Podonosma در تشکیلات رسوبی و بخش Onosma به ترتیب در تشکیلات رسوبی، آتشفشانی-رسوبی، آذرین، دگرگونی و افیولیتی می‌باشد. هشتاد و یک و هشتاد صدم درصد گونه‌ها، ایرانو- تورانی و 20/19 درصد در دو یا چند منطقه جغرافیای گیاهی پراکنش دارند. دامنه‌های غربی زاگرس مرکزی و دامنه‌های جنوبی البرز مرکزی در بالاترین الویت حفاظت رویشگاهی این جنس قرار می‎گیرند. گونه‎های نادر این جنس غالبا تک‌جمعیتی می‌باشند که زیربخش‎های Haplotricha و Heterotricha به ترتیب بیشترین درصد از آرایه‎های نادر را به خود اختصاص داده‎اند. حدود 50 درصد گونه‌های این جنس در طبقات تهدید فهرست سرخ اتحادیه جهانی حفاظت قرار می‎گیرند. به علاوه، نتایج این مطالعه سایر مطالعات آرایه‌شناختی دال بر جدایی بخش Podonosma را Onosma تایید می‌کند.

Keywords [Persian]

  • جغرافیای گیاهی
  • غنای گونه‌ای
  • مدیریت حفاظتی
  • نقشه پراکنش
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